From what I have read the Russians are trying to accomplish a few things: first, to replace the US as the World Super Power. They don't put up artificial red lines and then sit idle as the lines are crossed. Putin is showing first in Ukraine and now here they will use force. 2nd, they are backing one of their large customers in Assad. 3rd, they are rubbing Obama's nose in it by bombing US backed rebels who are fighting ISIS/ISIL and demonstrating the lack of US policy by instituting a no fly zone one hour before their jets went in and bombed said US backed rebel forces. 4th, demonstrating to the radicals in that part of the world that Russia is not be messed. They will crush you. Now we could argue if any of this actually works long-term is a good strategy. Note, I'm far from a foreign affairs expert and don't claim any superior historical knowledge of these issues. From what I have read, Putin has certainly succeeded on these objectives. Whether that is a good long-term strategy and leads to more issues within the Russian borders concerning radicals Islam is another question. So it probably depends if you see Putin as some crazy man or someone who is actually much smarter than given credit and obviously gets the best of Obama. To have this coincide when Putin-Obama meet says a lot about Putin's ability to stick it to Obama in a very public manner. If you recall, Putin was supposed to be diplomatically frozen out by his actions in Ukraine. So now that's walked back and he sticks to Obama making him look like a complete wallflower who got caught with his pants down. According to people much more versed in the subject, that is an unmistakable fact and shows the complete lack of coherent US foreign policy.